TTM (trailing twelve months)
TTM is the sum of the last four reported quarters, rather than the last closed financial year. It gives an up-to-date annual figure without waiting for the accounting close, and is the usual basis for ratios such as P/E when they are meant to reflect the recent picture. It is worth checking that the four quarters are picked by date rather than by simple count: when a company restates or delays a quarter, counting backwards without looking at the calendar produces a year of twelve or fifteen months.
See it on real data
Celsmar computes this from the accounts companies file with their regulator, and shows which line every figure comes from. Free to start, no card.
Definition for informational purposes. It is not financial advice nor a recommendation to buy or sell.